A South Korean government-linked think tank, the Korean Institution for National Unification (KINU), has accused North Korea of staging public executions of individuals accused of violating strict COVID-19 protocols. The startling revelations were made in KINU’s annual human rights white paper for 2023, published on Wednesday.
According to the report, a North Korean defector testified to witnessing public executions of those who allegedly violated quarantine measures. The executions were reportedly carried out as part of the regime’s extreme COVID-19 lockdown measures, which included a shoot-to-kill order for border crossers and strict sanitary requirements.
The report, although lacking specific details on the timing, individuals targeted, or the execution methods, marks the first documentation of executions tied to coronavirus lockdown and quarantine measures. KINU highlighted that it is often challenging to provide detailed information in North Korea reports to protect the safety of defectors and their families from potential retaliation by the regime.
While the white paper suggested a possible decline in public executions based on some testimonies, it remained inconclusive on whether such executions have genuinely become less common or if they are being carried out more discreetly.
In addition to the allegations of public executions, the KINU report documented the introduction of “special laws on antivirus measures” to North Korea’s penal code, allowing for executions of those convicted of violating these measures. The regime reportedly expanded the scope of the death penalty to include crimes related to the “access of outside information,” reinforcing its strict control over media consumption.
North Korea implemented severe coronavirus lockdown measures in early 2020, with shoot-to-kill orders for border violators, sanitary mask requirements, and restrictions on social gatherings. These measures were reportedly lifted in July 2023. The regime had initially denied any COVID-19 cases, sparking skepticism given its proximity to China and active border commerce. Kim Jong-un’s emotional apology in October 2020 fueled suspicions of the virus’s impact on North Korea’s healthcare system.
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