Posts

Author Admits Major Gay Marriage Study – that the Media Championed as “Miraculous” – was Fabricated

Photo Credit: Daily Caller A study purporting to show that people’s views on gay marriage could change simply by meeting gay people has been retracted following revelations that its data was fabricated.

The study was published last December in Science, and prior to publication drew a great deal of attention from the American media. Vox, for instance, described the findings in the study as “kind of miraculous.” As it turns out, that’s exactly what they were, because they were apparently made up.

The study began to fall apart when students at the University of California at Berkeley sought to conduct additional research building off of it, only to find major irregularities in how its research was apparently conducted. For example, thermometers used to measure participants’ attitudes produced consistent, reliable information, even though they are known for producing relatively unreliable numbers . . .

Donald Green, a professor at Columbia University and a co-author of the paper, made the decision to retract it after having a confrontation with co-author Michael LaCour, a graduate student at UCLA. While LaCour maintained that he hadn’t fabricated the data, he was also unable to produce the original source files supposedly used to produce it. When he failed to write-up a retraction, Green took the initiative and did so himself. (Read more from “Author Admits This Gay Marriage Study Was Fabricated” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

Mike Huckabee Warns U.S. Supreme Court ‘Cannot Overrule God’ on Same-Sex Marriage

Photo Credit: Gospel Herald

Photo Credit: Gospel Herald

Former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee has weighed in on the Supreme Court’s arguments related to whether or not states can ban same-sex marriages. He made his comments in front of a crowd of Hispanic evangelicals . . .

According to Ashley Killough of CNN, Huckabee made his speech at the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference, or NHCLC. He has argued that “our country’s in trouble because we lost our landmarks of faith.”

“I respect the courts, but the Supreme Court is only that — the supreme of the courts. It is not the Supreme Being. It cannot overrule God,” Huckabee said. “When it comes to prayer, when it comes to life, and when it comes to the sanctity of marriage, the court cannot change what God has created.”

Killough reported that Huckabee could announce his run on Tuesday for the 2016 presidency in Hope, Ark. He previously won the Iowa caucuses during his presidential run in 2008 thanks to support from Christian conservatives.

“Somebody’s got to be willing to take on the institutions that challenge and threaten our ability to believe as we believe, because when religious liberty is lost, all liberty is lost,” Huckabee said. (Read more from “Mike Huckabee Warns U.S. Supreme Court ‘Cannot Overrule God’ on Same-Sex Marriage” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

‘We Will Not Obey’: Christian Leaders Threaten, Warn Supreme Court Over Homosexual Marriage

8614ac5d952523b567545092c9d7fc074bed936b“We will not obey.”

That’s the blunt warning a group of prominent religious leaders is sending to the Supreme Court of the United States as they consider same-sex marriage.

“We respectfully warn the Supreme Court not to cross that line,” read a document titled, Pledge in Solidarity to Defend Marriage. “We stand united together in defense of marriage. Make no mistake about our resolve.”

“While there are many things we can endure, redefining marriage is so fundamental to the natural order and the common good that this is the line we must draw and one we cannot and will not cross,” the pledge states.

The signees are a who’s who of religious leaders including former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum, National Religious Broadcasters president Jerry Johnson, Pastor John Hagee, and Franklin Graham, president and CEO of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and Samaritan’s Purse. (Read more from “‘We Will Not Obey’: Christian Leaders Threaten Civil Disobedience If Supreme Court Legalizes Gay Marriage” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

RINO Legislator Comes out of Closet After Lewd Pictures on Dating Site Surface [+video]

BOEHNING__RANDY_1695687A conservative North Dakota lawmaker has come out of the closet after lewd texts he sent on a gay dating site were made public this week.

The randy red-state Republican, Rep. Randy Boehning, was outed Monday, more than a month after the Roughrider State legislator sent an unsolicited picture of his penis and several other messages to 21-year-old Bismarck resident Dustin Smith back on March 12 on the gay dating site Grindr, according to multiple reports.

Boehning, a 12-year veteran of North Dakota’s state assembly who has routinely voted against gay rights legislation, charged that the leaked messages were sent to media outlets in retaliation for his vote against Senate Bill 2279, which would have added sexual orientation to the state’s anti-discrimination law. For the third time since 2009, the bill was voted down by conservative North Dakota lawmakers, including Boehning.

But Smith, who first leaked the Grindr messages to The Forum, claims he simply wanted to reveal Boehning’s hypocrisy.

“How can you discriminate against the person you’re trying to pick up?” Smith told the local Bismark-area newspaper on Monday. (Read more from “Lawmaker With Anti-Gay Voting Record Comes out of Closet After Lewd Pictures on Dating Site Surface” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

Supreme Court Justice Asks If Constitutionally Guaranteeing Same-Sex Marriage Could Lead to Polygamy

downloadDuring Tuesday’s oral arguments in the Supreme Court, Justice Samuel Alito questioned whether the possibility exists that marriages between same-sex individuals could lead to polygamous marriages of more than two people.

When discussing whether the Constitution guarantees the right to same-sex marriages, Justice Alito postulated the idea that ruling in favor of the pro same-sex marriage argument could result in a path to polygamous marriage . . .

Bonauto opined that the possibility to deny them would exist. Elaborating further, she said to Alito:

“There’d be two. One is whether the State would even say that that is such a thing as a marriage, but then beyond that, there are definitely going to be concerns about coercion and consent and disrupting family relationships when you start talking about multiple persons. But I want to also just go back to the wait and see question for a moment, if I may” . . .

The federal lawsuit, Obergfell v. Hodges, takes on the issue of same-sex marriage. The lawsuit alleges that the state of Ohio discriminates against couples who get married in other states where same-sex marriage is legal. (Read more from “Supreme Court Justice Asks If Constitutionally Guaranteeing Same-Sex Marriage Could Lead to Polygamy” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

Activist Justices Pushing Homosexual Marriage: “A Perversion of Democracy”

FullSizeRenderIn our democratic system of government, a law has one legitimate meaning, and one meaning only, and that is the meaning that was given to it by those who made it a law. It’s a simple rule, and it’s not difficult to understand. Anything else is a perversion of democracy.

Unfortunately, we now live in an America where that perversion of democracy takes place routinely behind this magnificent edifice, where a handful of people with no respect for the rule of law slink around in black robes and decide for themselves which laws they will allow the people to enforce, and which they will simply throw out because THEY do not approve.

When Chief Justice John Marshall said it was the duty of the courts to declare the meaning of the laws, he did NOT say, and he did not MEAN, that the courts were free to rewrite them, to pick and choose among them based on their own personal prejudices and whims. But that is what now happens behind these doors.

James Madison and George Mason would not recognize the document that this Court calls our Constitution today. What our Founders called abominable “crimes against nature,” this Court has called a constitutional right. What our Founders considered the unconscionable murder of innocent, preborn babies, this Court now considers a birthright. If you don’t like your baby, feel free to rip it out, because this Court has found for you a constitutional right to do so, lurking somewhere in the penumbras and emanations of the Bill of Rights.

George Washington told us we should pray to God for guidance and wisdom before every public meeting; the Courts now tell us that to do so is a thing of evil — offensive to our constitution, and forbidden to our elected officials. To honor fallen soldiers with a cross or a Star of David is no longer a proper memorial: it has become, somehow, an impermissible establishment of religion.

And sadly, my friends, we are now perhaps only days away from this Court telling us that holy matrimony between one man and one woman, ordained by God in the Garden of Eden, recognized by countless societies over countless years as the most efficient unit of civilization known to man, is now merely a relic of a bygone age, no longer worth saving. Indeed, I fear this Court will go farther than that, and say that the people of America are constitutionally FORBIDDEN from preserving traditional marriage as the cornerstone of our civilization.

This is a state of affairs that would have been UNIMAGINABLE to Madison, or Jefferson, or Adams, or Washington. Indeed, it would have been unimaginable for Lincoln a century later, and even for my own father, yet another century on, who fought in Europe and in the Pacific to preserve a Constitution that, quite frankly, no longer exists. It has been completely rewritten in the last fifty years, turned on its head to mean the opposite of what its Founders clearly intended.

Scripture speaks to these times. The Proverb tells us that “[h]e who justifies the wicked and he who condemns the righteous are both an abomination to God.” Is this not precisely what this Court now does? Does it not exalt the homosexual and the atheist and the abortionist above the interests of the believers amongst our citizenry? Those who harbor traditional Judeo-Christian beliefs in matters of morality are now firmly in the crosshairs of our judicial system.

This is not the work of the Founders: it is the work of the judges and justices who have hijacked our democracy, and it is time for us to take it back. Lord Acton warned us that “[p]ower tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” Well, that absolute power has indeed corrupted many of the justices who lurk behind these doors. They devote themselves to a life of wandering about, looking desperately for a seemingly endless array of constitutional rights hidden so deeply in the cracks and crevices and penumbras of our Constitution that they take centuries to be discovered — by enlightened jurists like Sonia Sotomayor, a completely undisciplined judge with a pedestrian intellect whose sole qualification for the Court was that she is a Puerto Rican female.

The sad truth is that while liberal Congressmen and Senators stand firmly behind their crusading, left wing activist judges, we simply do not have enough truly conservative Congressmen and Senators willing to support the more principled jurists, and actively fight the judicial radicals who have hijacked our democracy. Political courage is always a rare commodity. Many who claim to be conservative look upon social and cultural issues more as a grand inconvenience than as an opportunity to take a stand. If they defend challenged legislation at all, they do so half-heartedly, and secretly pray not that they be used as a vessel for change, but that the courts will take the sticky issues from them, so they won’t be asked to take a stand.

My friends, there ARE things you can do about this. Support the organizations you have heard from here today. Stand up and be heard. Be always accountable for your beliefs. Do NOT be intimidated by those who call evil good, and good evil. Speak your mind in your churches, and at work, and at play. The Congress has considerable political tools at their disposal to help the people resist the tyranny of the judiciary; we must elect officials who have the courage to use them.

Elect to Congress men and women who have the fortitude to hold this Court responsible for the acts of violence it commits against the constitution, and against the people. Demand the impeachment and removal of arrogant, defiant judges who abuse their lifetime appointments. Insist that your Congressman and Senators support legislation that would remove jurisdiction from the Courts to hear appeals in areas where they have outrageously and continually overstepped their authority — bills like Representative Steve King’s “Restrain the Judges on Marriage Act.”

And most of all, PRAY — while it’s still constitutional to do it. Pray as our forebears did so earnestly on their knees. Ask God to give you the wisdom to know what’s right, and the courage to stand up for it. Pray that this this country will turn from its wicked ways, that we halt our descent into cultural madness, and once again seek the face of God.

Kay Daly is the former North Carolina Republican Party spokesman who won the American Conservative Union’s prestigious Ronald Reagan Award at the 30th annual CPAC.

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

Family Research Council on Supreme Court Oral Arguments: American People Will Not Accept Redefinition of Marriage

gay_flagBy FRC. Family Research Council President Tony Perkins released the following statement after today’s oral arguments at the U.S. Supreme Court in Obergefell v. Hodges – the case considering whether the federal Constitution requires the states to redefine marriage to include same-sex couples:

“After today, we are more hopeful the Court will get it right, but I do know that regardless of what their decision is, it will not settle this issue.

“Today, parties came before the Supreme Court asking the Justices to redefine marriage, and to impose that redefinition on all 50 states. Simply put, the plaintiffs asked the Supreme Court to take the extraordinary step of departing from all of recorded human history and forcing a redefinition of civilization’s most fundamental human relationship upon an unwilling nation.

“There is no broad social consensus, and there is no global consensus that society would be better served by redefining marriage to include same-sex couples. To the contrary, America remains deeply divided over this issue and if the Supreme Court forces a redefinition it will only further divide the nation.

“History has shown us that something so deeply rooted in nature itself cannot be erased by legal action. I can say with certainty that a very large portion of the American population will not accept a redefinition of marriage imposed by the Court. The Court was unable to ‘resolve’ the issue of abortion for the nation in its Roe v. Wade decision, and the Court will not resolve this issue either.

“In 1973, the Court supercharged the abortion issue and 42 years later it is an issue in every election from President on down. A decision demanding the redefinition of marriage will be even more divisive as the freedom to live your life according to your beliefs is put in jeopardy for millions of Americans.

“The states must be left free by the U.S. Supreme Court to define marriage as the union of a man and a woman,” concluded Mr. Perkins.

To review FRC’s amicus brief, please see: https://downloads.frc.org/EF/EF15D21.pdf

Decide yourself whether Americans will not accept redefinition of marriage by reviewing the results of the WPA Opinion Research survey on the Supreme Court deciding marriage here: https://downloads.frc.org/EF/EF15B71.pdf

________________________________________________________

Gay Marriage Arguments Divide Supreme Court Justices

By Adam Liptak. The Supreme Court on Tuesday was deeply divided over one of the great civil rights issues of the age, same-sex marriage. But Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, whose vote is probably crucial, gave gay rights advocates reasons for optimism based on the tone and substance of his questions.

In two and a half hours of arguments over whether the Constitution guarantees same-sex couples the right to marry, Justice Kennedy sent conflicting signals. At some points, he seemed wary of moving too fast and torn about what to do. But his demeanor was more emotional and emphatic when he made the case that same-sex couples should be permitted to marry. He is also the author of three landmark opinions expanding the rights of gay Americans.

The other justices for the most part played to type, clashing over what they saw as the right answer in the case and also over how to reach it. The questioning illuminated their conflicting views on history, tradition, biology, constitutional interpretation, the democratic process and the role of the courts in prodding social change. (Read more from this story HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

Race-Mixing and Sex-Mixing

birth-of-a-nationLast week I asked: Are opponents of same-sex marriage just rehearsing the same kind of bad arguments used in past decades to oppose interracial marriage? Are Christians who defend biblical sexual ethics relying on dogma or irrational prejudice? Are we engaged in hate speech when we argue the following?

What we mean by “marriage” includes by its very nature the union of a male and female. Same-sex marriage is simply impossible.

Raising same-sex unions to the same level as real marriage amounts to a legal fiction.

Forcing citizens to recognize and even participate in such weddings violates their civil and religious rights.

Destabilizing the very nature of an already fragile institution, the family, harms the most vulnerable members of society, helpless children and the poor.

Destabilizing the very nature of an already fragile institution, the family, harms the most vulnerable members of society, helpless children and the poor.

Does saying all this put us in the same moral sewer as racists who claimed that interracial marriage was unnatural, unhealthy and bad for society? If so, we deserve to lose. We deserve to face the choice that NY Times columnist Frank Bruni wants to impose on Christians: Change your doctrine, or go out into the wilderness with what’s left of the white supremacists. Your institutions will have to comply with the new status quo, or you will have to go rogue — lose legal protections, face fines and even jail time, lose tax exemptions and accreditation, and be treated by your country with less respect and tolerance than we grant Islamist imams who favor sharia law.

So let’s examine those old, bad arguments against interracial marriage, and contrast them with the reasons offered by defenders of natural marriage.

In the scholarly paper, “Miscegenation, Eugenics, and Racism: Historical Footnotes to Loving v. Virginia,” Paul A. Lombardo collected representative legal rulings issued by highly educated judges in support of bans on interracial marriage. They make for bracing, painful reading. While it’s often amusing to troll the exploded scientific and political ideas of the past, there’s nothing funny about the widespread acceptance of pseudo-scientific and pseudo-Christian racism. Such superstitions helped white supremacists such as the Klan keep in place unjust laws against interracial marriage, and gave eugenicists such as Margaret Sanger ammunition in imposing forced sterilization in a dozen U.S. states.

Advocates of same-sex marriage claim that our arguments against it are no better grounded, no morally different from these. Well, let’s gather them up and explain exactly why these racist arguments fall flat, and compare with them the reasons for defending natural marriage. Shall we? Below I’ll just give representative fragments of the larger arguments, which you can read for yourself in Lombardo’s paper.

Racist Argument #1

“[T]he off-spring of these unnatural connections are generally sickly and effeminate, and … they are inferior in physical development and strength, to the full-blood of either race.” (Scott v. Georgia, 1869.)

There is simply no evidence for this. In fact, it was the practice of inbreeding — whereby aristocratic white southern families preferred to marry close relations, even first cousins — that produced genetic defects. Anyone who has ever paid the vet bills for a pure-bred dog knows this much nowadays. Biologists speak of “hybrid” vigor, of the genetic advantages of “exogamy,” of crossing different strains within a species.

By contrast, same-sex marriage produces no offspring, not because of any medical problem among the partners, but by its very nature. It is not and cannot be fertile. So in one key respect, the biological, the verdict of science is clear: Interracial marriage is natural, and same-sex marriage is not.

Racist Argument #2

“The laws of civilization demand that the races be kept apart in this country.” (Doc. Lonas v. State of Tennessee, 1871.)

This is simply an unsupported assertion. Whose “laws” and whose “civilization”? Many flourishing civilizations allowed for intimate contact among different races. The Roman Empire, various vast and wealthy Muslim kingdoms, the Spanish and Portuguese empires — while they were often unjust in many respects — allowed for the free intermingling of people of different races, and extensive intermarriage. In fact, the idea of identifying “races” and keeping them “pure” is quite a modern one, dating back no earlier than the English conquest of North America.

By contrast, every human society of which we have any record regards the union of man and woman as the primary unit of society. None, not one, has ever recognized same-sex unions as the equivalent of marriage — no, not even ancient Greece.

Racist Argument #3

“[W]hom God hath joined together by indelible peculiarities, which declare that He has made the two races distinct.” (Green v. State of Alabama, 1877.)

In other words, God intended to create distinct races, and forbade them to interbreed. In support of this assertion, some Christians cited Old Testament passages that prohibited the Israelites from mixing their seed with the Gentiles’. But the Old Testament itself makes it perfectly clear that the difference between Jews and Gentiles was religious, not biological. Jews were not to marry pagans who worshiped idols and practiced human sacrifice. Pagans who converted to the worship of God were welcomed in, and no barriers whatsoever were placed to their intermarriage with the children of Abraham. For this reason, the Catholic church always declared that interracial marriage was perfectly moral — though in certain social conditions, it might attract persecution and therefore be inadvisable.

By contrast, both the Old and New Testaments unambiguously condemn erotic activity between people of the same sex. No Christian church or Jewish synagogue accepted same-sex unions until the 1980s, and those that changed their positions didn’t do it because of new “scholarly” discoveries, but because they were adjusting their doctrine to follow secular mores.

Racist Argument #4

“The purity of public morals, the moral and physical development of both races, and the highest advancement of our cherished southern civilization require that [the races] should be kept distinct and separate. …” (Kinney v. Commonwealth of Virginia, 1878.)

This is mostly empty rhetoric, contradicted by the facts. Cruel laws that forbade slaves from even marrying each other, and the practice of breaking up families and selling off wives and children, helped shatter the black family in North America — while in South America, awful as slavery was, slave marriages were conducted in church and families couldn’t legally be split. Nor were public morals improved by the intrusion of laws that required racial segregation — serving as constant temptations to cruelty on the part of whites, and resentment among oppressed blacks.

By contrast, heterosexual marriage is based entirely on the encounter with the other, on the need to accept, accommodate and learn from the profound differences between the sexes. It is now primarily social conservatives who insist that the sexes are real, grounded in humans as among other animals in the facts of mammalian biology. Many advocates of same-sex marriage, on the other hand, have accepted the unhinged assertions of “Gender Theory,” which pretends that one’s gender is a social and psychological figment, an empty construct. That’s why, at last count, gender theorists claimed to have discovered some different 50 genders — you can pick any one of them now on Facebook.

Racist Argument #5

“[I]f the issue of a black man and a white woman, and a white man and a black woman, intermarry, they cannot possibly have any progeny. …” (State of Missouri v. Jackson, 1883.)

The judge here had read some crank scientific opinion asserting that people of mixed race had fertility problems, and therefore mixed marriages should be banned. There was no real evidence for this.

By contrast, no defender of natural marriage wants to ban unions of older people, or sterile people. Nevertheless, we recognize that marriage exists first and foremost for the sake of children. Protecting their well-being is the main reason the state has an interest in regulating marriage. And solid psychological evidence suggests that same-sex marriage in fact hurts kids, that “emotional problems are more than twice as prevalent for children with same-sex parents than for children with opposite-sex parents.”

So there is no resemblance at all between objections to same-sex marriage and those to “miscegenation.” In fact, the people relying on cultural prejudice, ideology and outright pseudo-science are all on one side of this issue: the pro-same-sex marriage side . . .

See Part One of this analysis, “On Marriage, Are Christians No Better Than Racists?

(See “Race-Mixing and Sex-Mixing”, originally posted HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

Bigoted Judge: Christian Should Pay $135,000 to Homosexuals for Refusal to Bake Gay-Themed Cake

bnsweetcakes1jpg-ddb8cb356bb7e18aThe lesbian couple turned away by a Gresham bakery that refused to make them a wedding cake for religious reasons should receive $135,000 in damages for their emotional suffering, a state hearings officer says.

Rachel Bowman-Cryer should collect $75,000 and her wife, Laurel Bowman-Cryer, $60,000 from the owners of Sweet Cakes by Melissa, an administrative law judge for the Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries said in a proposed order released Friday, April 24.

Bureau prosecutors sought $75,000 for each woman — $150,000 total — during a hearing on damages in March.

The amounts recommended by law judge Alan McCullough, coming after four days of testimony, are not final. State Labor Commissioner Brad Avakian has the final authority to raise, lower or leave the proposed damages as is.

Friday’s ruling comes as the newest development in a legal dispute over a Christian couple’s insistence that their religious beliefs against same-sex marriage trump a state law requiring them to serve customers equally. (Read more from “Same-Sex Couple in Sweet Cakes Controversy Should Receive $135,000 due to Refusal to Bake Gay Cake” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.

Taxpayers Fund Disgusting Same-Sex Study of Young Black Males

two-men-624x416On Wednesday, a Facebook friend posted a story on my page with the headline, “Taxpayers Raped to Study Anal Penetration of Black Youth.” After determining that actual rape of taxpayers was not occurring, I was no less disgusted with what is being “researched” with our tax dollars. The source of the story is a project synopsis on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) website (motto: “Turning Discovery Into Health”). The project is titled, “First and Subsequent Same-Sex Sexual Satisfaction and Behavior in Young AAMSM (African-American men who have sex with men).” The study has been going on since 2012 at Johns Hopkins University and has been granted close to a half-million dollars that the American people would no doubt overwhelmingly elect to spend otherwise.

From the project synopsis:

Prior work has demonstrated that same-sex relationship trajectories support the development of self-esteem in young gay and bisexual men, while opposite same-sex relationships may be associated with homonegativity. Little is known about the meaning and function of first same-sex experience in AA adolescent men and whether satisfaction with first penetrative same-sex experience impacts sexual trajectories. The goal of this project is to understand the meaning and function of first same-sex sexual experience and to prospectively be able to assess its impact on subsequent sexual experiences, young adult sexual health and health protective behaviors.

I call bunk on this claim that “prior work” has demonstrated that homosexual relationships support the development of “self-esteem” in young, sodomite men. Besides being utterly counterintuitive, it denies statistics on the high rate of depression, drug and alcohol abuse, domestic violence, suicide and a host of other ills among homosexuals. And, “Homonegativity”? There’s a new one. I suppose this is their term to describe the natural revulsion normal people have for homosexual behavior. That’s beside the point, though. These people are using hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars to recruit and study the anal sex experience of homosexual black male adolescents, which the study calls “adolescent men,” a contradictory name if I’ve ever heard one. This is not about men. It’s about boys. The study is being conducted at Johns Hopkins in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health & Human Development. I wonder if they are going to report to authorities those “adolescent men” whose sex partners are grown men. After all, there are laws against adults having sex with minor children, even if those kids are euphemistically called “adolescent men.” (Read more from “Taxpayers Fund Disgusting Same-Sex Study of Young Black Males” HERE)

Follow Joe Miller on Twitter HERE and Facebook HERE.